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WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 01
Advancing Reuse Through State Focused Partnerships
WORKSHOP SUMMARY REPORT | JULY 2021
Prepared by Water Systems Consulting
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 3
In This Document
REGIONAL TRENDS
The needs for water reuse across the Pacific Northwest.
OREGON TRENDS
Regulatory, social, and organizational initiatives.
INTRODUCTION
Background on the utilities and workshop approach.
WASHINGTON TRENDS
Water supply/rights, economic, and organizational initiatives.
IDAHO TRENDS
Regulatory, social, and economic initiatives.
FUTURE STATE
The future of water reuse and next steps.
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WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 5
Acknowledgments
This report was prepare by
Water Systems Consulting, Inc.
WR-PNW would like to acknowledge
Holly Tichenor and Haley Lehman for
their contributions to the facilitation of
these workshops and preparation
of this report.
WR-PNW would also like to acknowledge
the significant contributions of WR-PNW
Leadership Team, including the following
members.
Nick Smith
Matt Shroll
Chris Stoll
Jacque Klug
Shelly Parini-Runge
Susan Schlangen
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 7
Participants were unified in their views
as to why water reuse is needed and
why now is the time to overcome
the challenges that have hindered
implementation in the past.
Water reuse in the PNW is as diverse as
the PNW climate. Drivers for reuse also
include protecting river and stream
temperatures and habitat, better use
of potable water supplies, climate
resiliency protection, emergency
preparedness, and wastewater
discharge compliance needs.
The report demonstrates the need
and drivers for reuse, the support for
implementation amongst water reuse
leaders who participated, and the
opportunities for change in awareness,
funding, support, and permitting
implementation.
Water reuse serves as a catalyst to
initiate conversations about climate
change, sustainable long-term
solutions, affordable and best use of
finite water resources, habitat and
environmental protection, and more.
WR-PNW will carry forward the initiatives
identified through the workshops to
be at the forefront of representing the
water reuse needs of the future.
The WateReuse Pacific Northwest (WR-PNW) Board, with support from
the National WateReuse Association, implemented a unique listening
approach to better understand existing and potential future member
experiences and perspectives on water reuse implementation in the
Pacific Northwest.
Over 50 participants across Oregon, Washington, and Idaho
gathered together to participate in a nine-part workshop series
that prioritized connecting organizations to advance water reuse
solutions. Participants of the workshops were open and engaged in
conversations focused on establishing unique ways to integrate and
collaborate in the future.
WR-PNW leadership has a tremendous opportunity to continue this
dialogue across the Pacific Northwest, and prioritize the initiatives
that collectively advance implementation of this most sustainable
and beneficial reuse strategy in the region. There is an opportunity
for creative approaches and collective action at state levels in
collaboration with officials to create holistic, watershed-focused
approaches that yield the greatest clean water benefits for our
states.
Why Water Reuse
Nick Smith
WR-PNW President
“
Nick Smith
I am so proud and appreciative of the hard work our group
put into this effort and to all the participants that contributed
to establishing a great foundation of information through important
networking. We are committed to leveraging this information to
build action items to further promote and advance this increasingly
important resource.”
Executive Summary
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
REUSE RECLAIMED WATER RECYCLED WATER==
During the workshops, it was discussed that each state has a different
terminology that they use when describing water reuse. For the purposes of
this report, we will be using water reuse universally.
Terminology
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 9
WR-PNW identified an opportunity to engage
members from each state in a timely discovery
and action-focused workshop series.
Nine workshops (three per state) were used to
understand priority initiatives that support water
reuse solutions.
The conversation also provided participants
with an opportunity to network with peers and
inform ways WR-PNW can enhance the value of
membership.
Jacqueline Klug
Recycled Water Project Manager, King County
Washington Workshop Participant
“
Jacqueline Klug
Reuse is a great tool to address water
quality and water supply needs for
community challenges that are only getting
more difficult in the light of climate change. The
moment calls for integrated water management
solutions. I hope this forum kick starts the
collective discussion on barriers and changes
needed to streamline and advance reclaimed
water projects."
Each state – Idaho, Oregon, and Washington – participated in a three-part
workshop series called Advancing Reuse through State-Focused Partnerships
which explored how WR-PNW members could work together in state-specific
forums to increase membership value, primarily through collaborative water
reuse initiatives and solutions.
Workshop Overview
DISCOVERY
March - April 2021
Identifying drivers, barriers, and successes as it relates to
advancing reuse solutions across the Pacific Northwest.
Key Topics:
• Overview and history of water reuse in the state
• Identification of reuse drivers and barriers
ENGAGEMENT
April - May 2021
Understanding the opportunity to advance reuse
implementation through partnership and collective action.
Key Topics:
• Identifying common needs across the state
• Overcoming challenges through partnerships
ACTION
May - June 2021
Prioritizing the path forward through actionable insights for
each state individually and the WR-PNW organization as a
whole.
Key Topics:
• Action item brainstorming
Introduction
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 11
Participants from various public and private organizations, including small to large
municipalities, were invited to provide their perspectives, successes, and expertise in the
workshops. This section provides an overview of the participants to help identify common
ground between the states and organizations.
Participation
Manager / Director
Project Manager / Engineer / Specialist
WR-PNW Board Member
Leader / Supervisor
Administrator / Coordinator / Planner
Consultant / Industry
Commissioner
Regulator
52
PARTICIPANTS
TOTAL
BACKGROUNDS
States were represented
by individuals from all levels
of public and private water
agencies, industries, and
municipalities.
EXPERTISE
States were represented
by individuals with diverse
expertise and skill set.
ORGANIZATIONS
States were represented
by geographically diverse
organizations and included
individuals from water districts,
sanitary districts, consulting
firms and private organizations.
Water Quality
Wastewater
Waste Management
Residuals
Regulatory
Planning
Public Relations / Communication
MBR
Water Resource Recovery
Administration
Recycled Water
Public Works
Engineering
Utility Operations
EnvironmentalAREAS OF EXPERTISE
23
9
3
4
6 10
13
15 17
16
18
12
11
14
22
24 26272119
20
25
8 5
71
2
City of Arlington
King County WTDWA Water Trust
City of Snoqualmie
Kitsap County
Kitsap County PUD
City of Yelm
LOTT Clean Water AllianceMason County
Spokane County
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.City of BendSunrise Water Authority
Springfield Metropolitan Wastewater Management CommissionCity of John Day
Clackamas Water Env. ServicesCity of Molalla
Clean Water ServicesPortland Water Bureau
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
City of Post Falls
Idaho DEQ
Hayden Area Regional Sewer Board (HARSB)
City of Boise
City of Nampa
City of Twin FallsAmalgamated Sugar
City of Meridian
City of Kuna19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 13
0%
24%
0%
38%
38%
18%
0%
9%
55%
18%
0%
6%
62%
13%
19%
Very
Unaware
Somewhat
Unaware
Neutral
Somewhat
Aware
Very
Aware
Washington Oregon Idaho
14%
14%
29%
14%
29%
11%
33%
23%
11%
22%
20%
47%
20%
7%
7%
Very
Unprepared
Somewhat
Unprepared
Neutral
SomewhatPrepared
Very
Prepared
Washington Oregon Idaho
WEST BASIN MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The purpose of establishing a baseline is to assess the current position of reuse in each state.
The baseline can then be used to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives by comparison
after implementation. We evaluated several baseline factors including internal awareness
of the need for water reuse, organizational readiness to implement, the existing level of
treatment and ways water reuse is most used today. Baselines for each state are outlined in
this section. We found that while there is increased awareness of the need for water reuse,
the readiness for implementation is still perceived to be fairly low in the Pacific Northwest.
Baseline
READINESS TO IMPLEMENT
Participants were asked about their internal
stakeholder’s readiness to implement reuse. From
this question, it was discovered that a majority
of participants do not feel confident in their
readiness to implement. While the participants
in the workshops are reuse advocates and
leaders, there was recognition that the needed
conversations at leadership levels was limited at
this time. This represented an area of growth and
opportunity for change.
AWARENESS OF THE NEED
Participants were asked about their internal
stakeholders’ awareness of the need for reuse.
We interpreted the low levels of awareness to
be linked to the limited understanding of the
benefits of paying for water reuse production
and outcomes from use. While these results are
a reflection of the participants in each session
and not statistically accurate, the findings are
useful in identifying needs for the future as it
relates to awareness, the value of reuse, and
funding support.
Major Takeaways
The awareness of the need across participants
in Idaho was 76%, Oregon was 73%, and
Washington was 32%.
Major Takeaways
The readiness to implement across participants
in Idaho was 43%, Oregon was 33%, and
Washington was 14%.
EXISTING WATER REUSE CLASS
Participants were asked about their existing
water reuse class, primarily to understand
the current levels of treatment and use
occurring in the Pacific Northwest. There are
four recycled water classifications based on
the level or concentration of total coliform
and turbidity. Where water reuse is in use, we
discovered that treatment to the highest level
of Class A is the most popular water reuse use
across all three states. 44%11%44%33%0%11%33%0%0%40%0%20%50%0%0%40%10%10%13%27%13%47%4%13%47%27%13%0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Idaho Oregon Washington
EXISTING USES FOR WATER REUSE
Participants were asked about their primary
end uses for water reuse. The following was
identified for each state:
1. Idaho. Agricultural irrigation and industrial
were identified as the most common.
2. Oregon. In-facility use, urban irrigation, and
agricultural irrigation were identified as the
most common.
3. Washington. In-facility use and urban
irrigation were identified as the most
common.
0%
0%
33%
11%
0%
33%
44%
11%
44%
10%
10%
40%
0%
0%
50%
20%
0%
40%
13%
27%
47%
13%
4%
47%
13%
27%
13%
Other
Wetlands/Water
Resources
Urban Irrigation
Residential Irrigation
Recreational Use
In-Facility Use
Industrial
Aquifier Storage andRecovery
Agricultural Irrigation
Washington Oregon Idaho
50%
0%
0%
10%
10%
30%
23%
0%
8%
15%
15%
38%
7%
0%
0%
0%
13%
80%
No Recycled Water
Combination
Mostly Class D
Mostly Class C
Mostly Class B
Mostly Class A
Washington Oregon Idaho
44%11%44%33%0%11%33%0%0%40%0%20%50%0%0%40%10%10%13%27%13%47%4%13%47%27%13%0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Idaho Oregon Washington
Major Takeaways
On average 70% of the participants that said
they currently do not have water reuse are
planning to expand their program.
Major TakeawaysIn-facility use and urban irrigation were
the majority responses across the workshop
participants.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 15
WR-PNW is dedicated to advancing laws,
policy, funding, and public acceptance of
water reuse.
The timing is right to take a bold and innovative
approach that advances reuse in the region.
Idaho, Oregon, and Washington came together
to identify common trends across the states.
This section summarizes the regional findings.
Regional Trends
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
The following were identified as challenge areas with opportunities for change.
These six areas identified below were common themes among all states but
there are regional distinctions, especially as it relates to water rights, supply and
regulatory compliance. These distinctions are described in each state trends
section. The summary can be helpful when prioritizing changes and future
initiatives.
Leading The Reuse Evolution
WATER SUPPLY AND RIGHTS
Diversify our water portfolios while advancing a One Water
and watershed management mindset.
SOCIAL
Expand trust, awareness, and support for reuse within our
communities.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Identify how water reuse benefits and enhances our
environments.
ECONOMIC
Explore opportunities for cost-savings and funding when
implementing water reuse.
ORGANIZATIONAL
Create transformational partnerships within and beyond our
organization.
REGULATORY
Promote progress of regulatory frameworks and secure a
reliable path to compliance.
Todd Miller
Environmental Services Supervisor, MWMC
Oregon Workshop Participant
“
Todd Miller
Agencies need to take leadership and
make it their mission to include recycled
water in their portfolios. We need to adapt to
a One Water mindset of recovering resources.
There needs to be a higher level, state-wide
focus on adopting this as well.”
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 17
This section summarizes the
regional findings for drivers,
barriers, and goals.
Regional Trends
DRIVERS
Reasons why water reuse
makes sense as a
sustainable solution.
BARRIERS
Factors that slow the process
or limit the opportunity for
reuse implementation.
GOALS
Objectives that assist
organizations in advancing
their reuse capabilities.
ENVIRONMENTAL
DRIVERS
Proactively addressing impacts of climate change.
Restore the balance and natural cycle of water sources.
Reduce discharges and achieve seasonal
temperature control.
BARRIERS
Sensitive resources and understanding the impacts of
water reuse applications
Push back received from environmental groups.
GOALS
Find unique ways to reduce our impact on natural resources and broaden partnership, awareness, and education on ways reuse supports natural resources.
“Where the effects of climate change aren’t as visible, it’s harder to grasp the need for water reuse.”
WATER SUPPLY AND RIGHTS
DRIVERS
A viable source of water supply to reduce the
reliance on potable water, to utilize surface and
ground water resources more effectively and
diversifies portfolios especially in response to climate
change impacts.
BARRIERS
Lack of a common understanding or policy that
supports holistic water management.
The perception that there are ample water supplies, which impairs investment at times and creates resistance around the need for expansion.
GOALS
Establish a common understanding and approach that addresses holistic water management give and take.
“How do we keep water in the stream and recognize benefits of reusing water?”
REGULATORY
DRIVERS
Permit and compliance requirements for Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) including temperature and nutrients.
BARRIERS
Limited availability of staff and regulatory organizations not built for One Water management.
Siloed agency structure.
GOALS
Identify advocates of water reuse at the state level and coordinate with regulators to develop frameworks that supports water reuse.
“We need a holistic and implementable regu-latory framework that encourages reuse, and we need a reuse office at DEQ.”
ORGANIZATIONAL
DRIVERS
Passionate staff who want to advance water reuse within their community and state.
Breaking down traditional silos in our public agencies to embrace and lead integrated water management solutions.
BARRIERS
Staff constraints and operator shortages lead to a slow turnaround for expansion.
Leadership education and weighing of benefits using triple bottom line lens.
GOALS
Create alignment (internally and externally) through cross-functional development of reuse implementation pathways that overcome the economic, environmental, and social challenges.
“The incentives are misaligned with segregated water agencies.”
SOCIAL
DRIVERS
Opportunity to educate the public on the value of
water.
Political and community interests in sustainable resources.
BARRIERS
Public perception on safety and water quality.
Lack of understanding and acceptance from the
public.
GOALS
Engage the public in understanding water reuse
drivers and benefits, proactively well ahead of
implementing solutions.
“We need a clear definition. What problem are we solving? What are the benefits? What happens if we don’t?”
ECONOMIC
DRIVERS
Long-term return on investment and reducing need
for other capital investments.
Opportunity to collaborate with public and private sector partners to advance reuse.
BARRIERS
Balancing competing funding needs within an organization and for a community.
Long periods for return on investment.
Current availability of affordable clean water.
GOALS
Justify investment in reuse projects and identify alternative approaches to funding.
“We need to produce scoring criteria for non-monetary value such as environmental and community benefits.”
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 19
Since 1989, the number of permits has grown by more than 240 percent and
continues to rise, with nearly 150 active reuse permits in the State.
One important distinction to the sister states, WA and OR, is that Idaho’s location
results in dryer climates with less rainfall and snowmelt. The western portion of
the state is 350 miles from the Pacific Ocean. With the Cascade mountain range
a rainshadow that decreases the amount of moisture in the State, as noted
in the ID Water Resource Board’s Water Resource Inventory report. Rainfall
and snowmelt account for more than 75 percent of Idaho’s water supply,
replenishing surface and groundwater systems.
Idaho DEQ’s recycled water rules support increasing recycled water use. DEQ
has no state fees for reuse permits, and issues permits for 5- to 10-year periods.
There are five classes of municipal recycled water (A-E) and industrial recycled
water use is determined on a case-by-case basis. Idaho DEQ also encourages
active operator participation and collaboration with municipal and private
sector industry and agriculture.
Several Idaho reuse success stories inspire the future and demonstrate benefits
of wider water reuse across the state. Participants were able to share some
of these successes in the workshop setting and they identified an opportunity
to better share these case studies, including outcomes of the other state
discussions.
The Idaho workshop participants did identify the challenge of securing permits
for reuse and the opportunity to streamline the permitting process, noting the
disparities in the NPDES and reuse permits. “We need the NPDES permit and
reuse permits to work together” shared one participant. There is a desire to see
more basin-wide strategies and integrated permitting opportunities.
Idaho recently opened the reuse rules for update, providing some opportunity
for updating and streamlining, however the State has focused this update on
removing duplicative and inefficient rules rather than an overall revision.
Additional themes in the Idaho discussion were improving public awareness and
collaboration in the implementation of reuse solutions and finding ways to share
the costs and fund the needed infrastructure to keep water reuse alternatives
affordable.
Water Reuse Backdrop
Idaho’s workshop participants brought diverse
interests and included both private sector and
municipal representatives.
In Idaho, irrigation needs are a primary driver
and benefit of water reuse as is the management
of surface water quality (nitrogen and
phosphorus discharge reduction). Temperature
control and river discharge limits are also
trending reasons for reuse in Idaho.
“There is a lack of existing infrastructure
in the distribution system and treatment
plant that would require major capital upgrades
to implement effectively.” “We need to work with state to envision a
funding support approach.”
Quotes from participants:
Idaho Trends
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 21
This section summarizes the findings for drivers, barriers, and goals in Idaho.
Idaho Trends
SOCIAL WATER SUPPLY
AND RIGHTS
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL ECONOMIC
DRIVERS
Availability of water supply and
desire to have a resilient water
supply.
Anticipating and planning for
growth.
BARRIERS
Conflicting custom water
quality expectations among
customers.
Concern about who has water
rights in new construction.
DRIVERS
Permit requirements for
temperature and nutrients.
Reuse permit more
manageable than discharge
permit.
BARRIERS
No clear path to giving away
Class A water.
Permit needs to reflect both
the water use and community
expectations.
DRIVERS
Some communities have
embraced the idea.
Opportunity to educate the
public on the value of water.
BARRIERS
Lack of education and
public acceptance.
Misunderstanding of water
quality.
Public concerns about
groundwater contamination.
DRIVERS
Meeting community
expectation for a resilient
water supply.
BARRIERS
Staff constraints and operator
shortage.
Slow turnaround for expansion.
Current infrastructure cannot
support.
DRIVERS
Ability to dispose of
wastewater without
developing new infrastructure.
BARRIERS
Capital cost to implement
(land cost, pipe cost, etc.)
Irrigation water and potable
water is inexpensive; reclaimed
water is expensive to make.
No clear way identified to
justify investment in reuse
projects.
DRIVERS
Seasonal needs.
Drought resiliency and
sustainability.
BARRIERS
Sensitive resources.
Spokane River discharge limits.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 23
Identify advocates at the state level who are willing to listen
and show support for water reuse, in their position and role, as
an authority overseeing water reuse implementation.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Create a WR-PNW Regulatory Committee.
• Identify state leaders to participate and support.
Work with the state to revise regulations to improve
requirements around water reuse standards and signage.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Revise the language requirements for signs and
signed agreements.
1
2
Key Initiatives
REGULATORY
State regulators advocate for water reuse
and work with us to update regulatory
frameworks such as signage standards.IDAHO TRENDS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 25IDAHO TRENDSDevelop a platform for sharing information across
organizations, including case studies, success stories,
and shared outreach material.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Create a resource library and chat forum for reuse in the
state.
• Develop best practices for sharing information with the
public.
• Design shared language to ease permitting and outreach.
Investigate research opportunities and statewide areas
for study.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Identify points of collaboration with universities across the
state.
1
2
Key Initiatives
SOCIAL
Educate the public on the need for reuse as
a sustainable solution through case studies,
success stories and by creating a common
dialog.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 27
Work with the state to envision a funding support
approach.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Create an Idaho-focused funding program.
• Work with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
prioritize funding for water reuse under the Clean Water
State Resolving Fund (CWSRF).
• Share challenges and strategies for funding.
• Identify potential opportunities to partner with the private
sector to fund projects and infrastructure improvements.
1
Key Initiatives
ECONOMIC
Guide state in identifying win / win funding
scenarios for water reuse treatment,
infrastructure and piloting implementation.IDAHO TRENDS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 29
Oregon workshop participants represented a
good balance of small to large agency leaders
from across the state. The drivers for water
reuse in Oregon is greatly dictated by differing
factors based on geography, population growth
trends, rainfall patterns, surface water and water
quality management and compliance, and
water portfolio differences including surface and
groundwater distinctions.
“Water reuse forges partnerships and
opportunities for resource conservation,
protection of our lakes and streams and builds a
sense of pride within our communities.”
Quote from participant:
Jared Kinnear
Reuse Program Director
Clean Water Services
Oregon Workshop Participant
Jared Kinnear
The Cascade Mountains split Oregon into two distinct climates: the arid eastern
region and wetter western region, which includes the coast.
Similar to the other states, it is important to understand the location drivers
specific to that region or community. This is the case with any reuse awareness
journey and roadmap, yet particularly important in Oregon because of the
differences between the regions across the state.
Generally, reuse drivers include: water supply reliability, zero discharge necessity
and wastewater discharge regulatory compliance. Oregon’s first reclaimed
water rule (OAR 340-055) was implemented in 1990, DEQ created a reuse task
force in 2005, and 2008 was year the recycled water rule was revised and the
DEQ Internal Management Directive (IMD) guidance Implementing Oregon’s
Water Reuse Rules was developed. Today, there is mixed success in recycled
water acceptance and use with some areas, such as Klamath County, resisting
reuse implementation. More on Oregon DEQs recycled water program can be
found here: State of Oregon: Water Quality Programs - Recycled Water.
Several Oregon reuse success stories inspire the future and demonstrate benefits
of wider recycled water use across the state. The workshop participants were
able to share some of these successes in the workshop setting and support
initiatives to better share these case studies.
Many workshop participants are with agencies developing reuse
implementation roadmaps that offer environmental, business, economic, and
social benefits. These roadmaps and needed permit changes and renewals are
influencing broader recognition that we need watershed and integrated water
solutions that incorporate reuse as a resource.
Water Reuse Backdrop
Oregon relies on surface water for 68 percent of its freshwater
withdrawals and ground water for the remaining 32 percent.
Oregon Trends
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 31
Oregon workshop participants agreed that DEQ is a primary partner to
implementation and that the state agency supports reuse. The partnership with
DEQ is important and Oregon WR-PNW leaders recently posed these questions
as starting points for the discussion in support of compliance that promotes
increased production and use of water reuse.
This call to action shared in the Oregon workshop, and appropriate for all the
WR-PNW leaders:
DEQ Involvement
“ Now is the time for water agency leaders to come
together to summon the political will, innovate around
technical and financial approaches, educate our
communities, and champion our aspirational vision.”
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 33
This section summarizes the findings for drivers, barriers, and goals in Oregon.
Oregon Trends
SOCIAL WATER SUPPLY
AND RIGHTS
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL ECONOMIC
DRIVERS
Drought stricken areas within
OR need alternate water
supply solutions.
BARRIERS
Irrigation is most commonly
using drinking water as
opposed to purple pipe.
DRIVERS
Restrictive discharge limits for
thermal loading, nutrients, and
metals as a result of revised
TMDLs.
BARRIERS
Lack of water and energy
policies.
Oregon DEQ is behind in
issuing NPDES permits, with
many permits in administrative
extension.
Existing policies do not address
smaller agencies needs in rural
Oregon.
DRIVERS
Political interest in
sustainable resources.
Interest in resiliency including
backup in disaster relief.
BARRIERS
Lack of education and
public acceptance.
Misunderstanding of water
quality and treatment
technologies.
Lack of education around
the importance of diverse
portfolios.
Public belief that there is
sufficient water supply.
DRIVERS
State leaders have shown
support for reuse.
BARRIERS
Small agencies believe that
larger agencies are prioritized.
Agencies are siloed and do
not collaborate effectively.
Some believe that it is too
complicated and are waiting
for other entities to pave the
way.
Staff constraints and operator
shortage.
DRIVERS
Opportunity to collect return
on investment.
Opportunities to share cost
with private sector.
BARRIERS
Class A is cost prohibitive for
some communities due to
infrastructure improvements
and plant upgrades which can
lead to rate impacts.
DRIVERS
Desire for water conservation.
Cleaner than river water
quality.
Reduction of pollutant load
into receiving waters.
BARRIERS
Perception that beneficial
reuse may pose contamination
threats to the natural
environment.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 35
`OREGON TRENDSIdentify advocates at DEQ who are willing to listen and take
action to communicate need for clear policy.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Coordinate with representatives on the board to plan next
steps.
• Identify state leaders to participate and support.
Create listening sessions with experts that shows support for a
clear policy that promotes reuse.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Invite universities to join the conversation.
• Create a process that establishes partnership with
regulators.
1
2
Key Initiatives
REGULATORY
State regulators and the Governor work
with us to create regulatory frameworks
for protecting water quality and securing
water supply based on quantifiable reuse
measures and benefits.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 37OREGON TRENDSRewrite the narrative and create a common message about
water reuse.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Discuss the benefits and consequences of not
implementing water reuse strategies.
• Identify research partners at universities across the state.
• Build a mentorship program for Idaho, Oregon, and
Washington cross-functional agency partnerships.
• Create more demonstration opportunities that showcase
current and future projects.
• Involve customers who are advocates for reuse.
• Rewrite messaging to use One Water framework.
• Look at incorporating social media influencers
as advocates for water reuse.
• Produce consistent educational materials that aligns
regulatory language, technical jargon, and public
communications.
1
Key Initiatives
SOCIAL
Create cross-agency coordination based on
alignment around a true mission to promote
reuse as a sustainable solution for social,
economic and environmental benefits.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 39OREGON TRENDSCreate a top-down, regional understanding of water reuse
that includes different perspectives about the needs to find
common-ground across the state.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Create an inventory of water reuse programs, projects, and
users to develop a baseline.
• Share case studies and success stories across the state.
Add a legislative committee to drive tactical and effective
action.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Request water utilities and interest groups write letters in
support of water reuse policy and projects.
• Coordinate with different industries to demonstrate the
benefits of diverse end users.
1
Key Initiatives
ORGANIZATIONAL
Leaders declare water reuse goals and build
strong partnerships with internal and external
stakeholders for reuse implementation.
2
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 41
Washington workshops participants included
many already leading a water reuse program
and 80% of these participants working toward
expanding their programs.
The primary uses for reuse in Washington have
been for irrigation with some of the 29 permitted
water reuse facilities also achieving groundwater
recharge; commercial, industrial, manufacturing
use; and fresh waterbody augmentation.
“We need to understand how the
Governor’s order for one system supports
having the right support, including resources in
ecology to advance reuse as a climate change,
water quality / nutrients, and beneficial water
supply solution.”
Quote from participant:
Similar to other western states, Washington relies on surface water for about
three-quarters of total freshwater withdrawals—the majority of which is
sustained in warm seasons by melting snowpack. Groundwater accounts for
the remaining quarter of Washington’s water supply. Additional information
available in the WaterSense Saving Water in Washington fact sheet.
Significant benefits of water reuse in the state were recognized as healthy
aquifers and streams, managing wastewater discharge limits, and water
supplies for agriculture and municipal use.
A distinct driver for Washington is a reduction in nutrient discharges to Puget
Sound. Other drivers identified by participants included climate change
resiliency, environmental enhancement, and economic development.
Water rights stood out as a more unique issue and challenge to reuse
implementation in Washington along with public understanding, coordination
amongst water/wastewater utilities, and lack of understanding and “passion for
reuse”.
“Reclaimed water in Washington can not impair any existing water rights
downstream of freshwater discharge points unless compensation or mitigation
for such impairment is agreed by the holder of the affected water rights.” (as
stated in RCW 90.46.130)
In 1992 the Washington State Legislature passed the Reclaimed Water Act,
Chapter 90.46 RCW , directing the Departments of Health (DOH) and Ecology
(DOE) to develop standards for reclaimed water use and to jointly administer a
reclaimed water program.
In 2018, WAC 173-219 was adopted that addresses all aspects of reclaimed
water; including permitting for the generation, distribution, and use of reclaimed
water across Washington state. And, in 2019 the Purple Book was adopted
by DOE and DOH to assist to reclaimed water applicants. More information
about water reuse rules in Washington can be found here: Reclaimed water -
Washington State Department of Ecology
A general theme and call to action for Washington reuse expansion relates
to a wider understanding of the benefits and coordination with the state
to ease implementation. Additionally, the coordination between potable
water providers and wastewater agencies must be a priority to see greater
acceptance and coordination for implementation.
Water Reuse BackdropWashington Trends
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 43
This section summarizes the findings for drivers, barriers, and goals in Washington.
Washington Trends
SOCIAL WATER SUPPLY
AND RIGHTS
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONAL ECONOMIC
DRIVERS
Viable irrigation source.
Reduce river and groundwater
withdrawals.
Restore instream flows.
Diversify portfolio and reduce
reliance on potable.
BARRIERS
Reclaimed water law requires
reuse projects to not diminish
senior water rights, including
instream flows.
Most watersheds in Washington
don’t meet regulatory instream
flows.
Reuse can’t occur easily in
regulated stream basins due to
the legal impairment standard
that reusing water reduces
return flow that historically went
back to regulated rivers.
No way to consider non-
water supply benefits of reuse
projects like pollutant reduction
or increasing water resiliency in
water rights impairment review.
DRIVERS
Reduce pollutant loading
to marine and fresh water
bodies from nutrients, high
water temperature and other
pollutants of concern
Desire to reduce discharge to
Puget Sound.
BARRIERS
Challenging to get regulators
on the same page as the
agencies.
Lack of understanding around
the rules and regulations.
Small scale for state at this
time.
DRIVERS
Opportunity to educate the
public on One Water and
how it is all interconnected.
Opportunity to work with the
tribes.
BARRIERS
Public perception on safety.
New idea makes it
challenging to get buy-in.
DRIVERS
Management of overall
wastewater system capacity.
demand dependent on
expanding.
BARRIERS
Challenging to get buy in of
officials.
Layers of implementation
complexity.
Multi-jurisdictional agreements.
DRIVERS
Potential return on investment
through collaboration with
private sector partners.
BARRIERS
Balancing competing funding
needs.
Determining who pays for
reuse can be challenging.
Other types of water are
inexpensive to produce.
DRIVERS
Desire to reduce discharge to
Puget Sound.
Potential water quality
improvements.
Enhancement of headwaters.
Climate change preparation
and restoration.
BARRIERS
Currently no consistent or
agreed upon method to
quantify environmental
benefits.
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 45
Use existing regulatory instruments to “beef up” viability and
request for sustainable water solutions.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Look into infiltration, developer goals, climate change.
• Lead independent feasibility studies for groundwater
injection.
• Get with regulators of 3 states at a conference each year.
Engage with Ecology to work on water rights vs water quality
benefits to create a pathway for reuse.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Support movement away from silos in Ecology.
• Find out how the Governor’s order for ‘one system’ supports
having the right resources in Ecology.
Start addressing more aggressively the long-term effects of
climate change and be more forward thinking about water.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Rewrite the narrative at the state level that discusses the
benefits and consequences of not changing.
1
Key Initiatives
WASHINGTON TRENDSWATER SUPPLY AND RIGHTS
Develop guidance for implementation of
reuse projects by focusing on consistencies
in the regulatory framework to support both
water quality and water quantity.
2
3
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 47
Work with the state to create legislature that is dedicated
to funding water reuse projects.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Work with partners to provide more flexibility in funding
projects through water rates.
• Begin the discussion around states willingness to pay to
help obliterate long-term effects of drought.
• Share strategies and case studies for funding projects.
• Identify unique ways to fund projects through
partnerships with private sector organizations.
1
Key Initiatives
ECONOMIC
Advocate for state funding of water reuse
projects and initiatives that support climate
change preparation.WASHINGTON TRENDS
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 49WASHINGTON TRENDSIntegrate planning effort and increase coordination with other
departments including wastewater, server, and stormwater.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Work with wastewater leaders to engage more with
ecology.
• Take the lead in bringing together different groups to
discuss resilience.
Work more effectively with leaders in other industries and
organizations.
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
• Create a forum to help utility leaders talk with one another.
• Update case study overview for the state.
• Provide a special invitation to ecology to join the discussion.
1
Key Initiatives
ORGANIZATIONAL
Increase the awareness around the drivers
for and benefits of reuse and bridge
stakeholders (internal and external)
to develop supported implementation
pathways.
2
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 51
WR-PNW has been connecting agencies in the
Pacific Northwest since 2012.
Now, the organization has a unique opportunity
to use this report as a foundation to leverage
challenges as opportunities to innovate and build
a bridge to a sustainable water reuse future.
Through strategic partnerships and a holistic
approach, WR-PNW can expand existing reuse
programs to recover a resource that benefits the
entire region.
Future State
ADVANCING REUSE THROUGH STATE FOCUSED PARTNERSHIPS
Shelly Parini-Runge
Strategic Communications and Engagement, Clackamas WES
Oregon Workshop Participant
“
Shelly Parini-Runge
Through shared experiences, the WR-
PNW regulatory forums helped us better
understand how we can become more adaptive
towards implementing water reuse strategies. The
conversations shined a light on the importance of
working together as a unified voice when it came
to effecting change”
Regional Action
WR-PNW has an opportunity to advance the implementation of water reuse
in the region through collective action and strong leadership. The regional
strategies below were developed from the commonalities across the state-
specific initiatives. Using these transformational strategies, we can create
holistic, watershed-focused approaches that lead water reuse in to the future.
Utilize this report to develop a 3-year strategic plan, refining goals and
initiatives and opening opportunities for initiative leadership to members. 1
Establish a legislative and regulatory committee that includes a
representative from each state to advance policy and funding for
implementation.
2
Establish a communications committee that fosters information sharing
amongst states as well as supports external messaging needs. 3
Establish an annual award that recognizes leaders for advancing reuse
in the six core areas identified in this report. 4
Create a member-driven SharePoint site that allows for frequent updates
on pertinent reuse projects across the region. 5
Host quarterly subject matter expert presentations to advance
awareness, address challenges, and showcase progress in reuse
implementation.
6
Increase membership of small to mid-sized agencies to ensure voices
are represented and needs are supported by larger agency/utility
members.
7
Identify partnerships with universities and private sector organizations to
adopt technology and piloting equipment that supports water quality
and water management solutions.
8
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 53
Next Steps
CONFIRM INITIATIVES
Confirm the first draft initiatives and define short-term and long-
term goals that support these initiatives. Prioritize initiatives for
action planning accordingly.
PLAN ACTION
Draft action plans that contain discrete activities with
ownership and are accountable to a schedule. Action Plans
must consider dependencies on collaboration and partnership
across agencies and organizations.
TRACK PROGRESS
Action plans should be a living document that establishes
concrete plans while simultaneously adapting to changing
conditions and tracking progress. This requires consistent review
and revision. It is recommended that the WR-PNW leadership
team review action plans quarterly and modify initiatives
as needed. The action plan teams are to report progress
and engage with the leadership team in decision-making,
prioritization, and resource needs.
ESTABLISH METRICS
Define measures of success that will effectively evaluate the
progress of each initiative. Define a protocol for measurement
and establish time-based targets.
REGULATORY
State regulators advocate for water reuse and work with us to update regulatory frameworks such as signage standards.
Identify advocates at the state level who are willing to listen and show support for water reuse, in their position and role, as an authority overseeing water reuse implementation.
Work with the state to revise regulations to improve requirements around water reuse standards and signage.
SOCIAL
Educate the public on the need for reuse as a sustainable solution through case studies, success stories and by creating a common dialog.
Develop a platform for sharing information across organizations, including case studies, success stories, and shared outreach material.
Investigate research opportunities and statewide areas for study.
ECONOMIC
Guide state in identifying win / win funding scenarios for water reuse treatment, infrastructure and piloting implementation.
Work with the state to envision a funding support approach.IdahoWATER SUPPLY AND RIGHTS
Develop guidance for
implementation of reuse projects
by focusing on consistencies in the
regulatory framework to support both
water quality and water quantity.
Use existing regulatory instruments to “beef up” viability and request for sustainable water solutions.
Engage with Ecology to work
on water rights vs water quality
benefits to create a pathway for
reuse.
Start addressing more aggressively the long-term effects of climate change and be more forward thinking about water.
ECONOMIC
Advocate for state funding
of water reuse projects
and initiatives that support
climate change preparation..
Work with the state to create legislature that is dedicated to funding
water reuse projects.
ORGANIZATIONAL
Leaders declare water
reuse goals and build strong
partnerships with internal and
external stakeholders for reuse
implementation.
Integrate planning effort and increase coordination with other departments including wastewater, server, and stormwater.
Work more effectively with
leaders in other industries
and organizations. WashingtonREGULATORY
State regulators and the Governor work with us to create regulatory frameworks for protecting water quality and securing water supply based on quantifiable reuse measures and benefits.
Identify advocates at DEQ who are willing to listen and take action to communicate need for clear policy.
Create listening sessions with
experts that shows support for a
clear policy that promotes reuse.
SOCIAL
Create cross-agency coordination based on alignment around a true mission to promote reuse as a sustainable solution for social, economic and environmental benefits.
Rewrite the narrative and create a common message about water reuse.
ORGANIZATIONAL
Leaders declare water reuse goals and build strong partnerships with internal and external stakeholders for reuse
Create a top-down, regional understanding of water reuse that includes different perspectives about the needs to find common-ground across the state.
Add a legislative committee
to drive tactical and
effective action.OregonSummary of State Initiatives
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 054
Stay Informed and Involved
Tap into education, advocacy and awareness by staying involved with WR-PNW.
To stay informed and involved in WateReuse Pacific Northwest’s ongoing programs and efforts, check out
our website for additional information about our membership.
www.watereuse.org/sections/watereuse-pacific-northwest
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 56
SCHEDULE AND MILESTONES
2022 2023 2024
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Start Date Action Item MilestoneDraft Roadmap Framework for Idaho
GOALS INITIATIVES ACTIONSLEADER
REGULATORY
State regulators
advocate for
water reuse and
work with us to
update regulatory
frameworks such as
signage standards.
Identify advocates at
the state level who
are willing to listen and
show support for water
reuse, in their position
and role, as an authority
overseeing water reuse
implementation.
Work with the state to
revise regulations to
improve requirements
around water reuse
standards and signage.
Develop a platform for
sharing information across
organizations, including
case studies, success
stories, and shared
outreach material.
Investigate research
opportunities and
statewide areas for study.
SOCIAL
Educate the
public on the need
for reuse as a
sustainable solution
through case studies,
success stories
and by creating a
common dialog.
ECONOMIC
Guide state in
identifying win
/ win funding
scenarios for water
reuse treatment,
infrastructure
and piloting
implementation.
Work with the state
to envision a funding
support approach.
Appendix A
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 58
Draft Roadmap Framework for Oregon
GOALS INITIATIVES ACTIONSLEADER
REGULATORY
State regulators
and the Governor
work with us to
create regulatory
frameworks for
protecting water
quality and securing
water supply based
on quantifiable
reuse measures and
benefits.
Identify advocates at
DEQ who are willing to
listen and take action to
communicate need for
clear policy.
Create listening sessions
with experts that shows
support for a clear policy
that promotes reuse.
Rewrite the narrative
and create a common
message about water
reuse.
SOCIAL
Create cross-agency
coordination based
on alignment around
a true mission to
promote reuse as a
sustainable solution
for social, economic
and environmental
benefits.
ORGANIZATIONAL
Leaders declare
water reuse goals
and build strong
partnerships with
internal and external
stakeholders
for reuse
implementation.
Create a top-down,
regional understanding of
water reuse that includes
different perspectives
about the needs to find
common-ground across
the state.
Add a legislative
committee to drive
tactical and effective
action.
Appendix B
SCHEDULE AND MILESTONES
2022 2023 2024
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Start Date Action Item Milestone
WATEREUSE PACIFIC NORTHWEST 60
Draft Roadmap Framework for Washington
GOALS INITIATIVES ACTIONSLEADER
WATER SUPPLY
AND RIGHTS
Develop guidance
for implementation
of reuse projects
by focusing on
consistencies in the
regulatory framework
to support both
water quality and
water quantity.
Use existing regulatory
instruments to “beef up”
viability and request
for sustainable water
solutions.
Engage with Ecology to
work on water rights vs
water quality benefits to
create a pathway for
reuse.
Work with the state to
create legislature that
is dedicated to funding
water reuse projects.
ECONOMIC
Advocate for state
funding of water
reuse projects.
ORGANIZATIONAL
Increase the
awareness around
the drivers for
and benefits of
reuse and bridge
stakeholders (internal
and external) to
develop supported
implementation
pathways.
Integrate planning
effort and increase
coordination with other
departments including
wastewater, server, and
stormwater.
Work more effectively
with leaders in
other industries and
organizations.
Start addressing more
aggressively the long-
term effects of climate
change and be more
forward thinking about
water.
Appendix C
SCHEDULE AND MILESTONES
2022 2023 2024
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Start Date Action Item Milestone
The WateReuse Association engages, educates and advocates for safe and
sustainable water supplies. We work in partnership with our members to promote
acceptance and support of recycled water. Learn more at watereuse.org.
Water Treatment
Water Delivery
AdvancedTreatment
Water ResourceRecovery Facility
AgriculturalIrrigation
Industrial UseHabitatRestoration
Source Water
Urban Green Spaces
Reuse Drivers inOregon
Oregon communities are investing in
What is
Water Reuse?
Reuse (also known as recycled water) is wastewater, stormwater, saltwater, or graywater that has been purified so that it can be reused.
For over 30 years, water reuse has helped meet the water needs of the Pacific Northwest. There are hundreds of active water reuse permits in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In Oregon, water can be reused for agriculture, industry, commercial, and construction. Water can be reused to fill an irrigation reservoir, or water fiber crops, orchards, vineyards, and Christmas trees. Water can be reused for industrial process water, dust control, a car wash, or concrete mixing. Water features, ponds, and recreational lakes can be replenished with reuse water. This helps take less water out of rivers and groundwater aquifers.
Water reuse builds climate resiliency, stabilizes water rates, and sustains economic activity. Reused water can reduce river temperature, preventing fish die-offs. A diverse water portfolio is part of a proactive state and regional water strategy. Recycling water sustains water access, affordability, and resiliency.
safe and reliable recycled water solutions.
Resilient Agriculture Thriving Ecotourism Innovative Resource Recovery Urban Greenspace
Clean Water Services (CWS), a sanitary and surface water management district in Washington County, provides approximately one million gallons of recycled water per day to its retail customers. In one year, CWS provided 93 million gallons (including onsite use) of irrigation water to more than 218 acres of athletic fields, golf courses and parks from the Durham facility. Some customers have been tapping into CWS’ water reuse program since the 1990s. CWS understands that water reuse is not only good for business and the community, it is a critical element for a healthy Tualatin River Watershed.
The City of Hermiston and the West Extension Irrigation District (WEID) partnered to solve two critical problems. WEID needed additional water to meet the needs of its farmers and the City’s Recycled Water Facility needed an alternate location to discharge its recycled water during peak hot weather months. In this dry part of the state where water is increasingly scarce, the reuse program allows farmers to augment their water supply for no additional cost. Thanks to this partnership, over one million gallons of recycled water, which meets all irrigation water quality requirements for use on organic food crops, provides around 10% of the total irrigation water from May to October. This is a win-win for the local growers and the Umatilla River. The WEID project was selected by the Oregon Water Resources Department as a winner of the Tyler Hansell Agricultural Efficiency Award in 2017, which recognizes outstanding commitment to water conservation and responsible water management.
A partnership between the City of Silverton and the Oregon Gardens allows recycled water to be used in a wetlands habitat for a variety of wildlife and plants. Running through the Oregon Gardens cools the water that would be too warm for Silver Creek without that step. The water flows through a series of terraced ponds with waterfalls, pools and wetlands plants. In peak season, over one million gallons a day are reused to irrigate the Gardens instead of warming the creek. The water is collected in a holding tank where it then flows into an irrigation system which supplies reuse water for the Oregon Gardens landscape. Having reliable, no-cost irrigation water allows Oregon Gardens to provide low-cost education and recreation to plant lovers from town and beyond.
Biocycle Farm is a 400-acre sustainable poplar tree plantation that is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Wastewater Management Commission (MWMC), a utility providing high quality wastewater services to the communities of Eugene and Springfield. Reuse water is used to irrigate the plantation, and biosolids are used for fertilizer. Both are products of MWMC’s Regional Treatment Plant, offering opportunity to recycle valuable nutrients into new products. The trees are managed as an agricultural crop, harvested and sold in the marketplace to offset MWMC operating costs and provide a renewable resource for building products. Beneficially reusing water helps keep clean, cool water in the Willamette and McKenzie River systems to promote healthy fish habitat.
Special thanks to WSC for their efforts on this project.
METROPOLITAN WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT COMMISSION’S
REGIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
THURSDAY, JULY 28, 2022
EUGENE, OREGON
Thank You to our other Sponsors and Partners:
Hosted and Sponsored By:
2
Welcome to the MWMC! Here we are showcasing the
past, present, and future of recycled water as part of
our clean water commitment. The MWMC’s recycled
water program development reflects our mission,
vision, and values to provide high-quality services
that meet triple-bottom-line outcomes in
water quality.
• Mission: To protect our community’s health and the
environment by providing high-quality wastewater
services to the Eugene-Springfield metropolitan area
in partnership with Eugene, Springfield, and
Lane County.
• Vision: The MWMC will be recognized as a leader
in protecting water quality through sustainable and
fiscally responsible practices.
• Values Statement: The MWMC strives to provide
high-quality services that achieve, sustain,
and promote balance between community,
environmental, and economic needs while meeting
customer service expectations.
The Past: The MWMC has irrigated its interior
grounds with treated wastewater since the regional
plant came online in 1983 nearly 40 years ago. With
upgrades to our satellite Biosolids Management
Facility and adoption of the Biocycle Farm in the
early 2000s, Class D recycled water use of 60-80
million gallons per year irrigates our 400-acre tree
farm and onsite landscaping.
The Present: Starting in 2010, the MWMC began
installing new capability in recycled water use,
with the addition of tertiary filters to meet Class A
recycled water quality and the construction of the
West Bank Trail pipeline to deliver up to 10 million
gallons per day (MGD) of recycled water to potential
offsite industrial users. Full Class A disinfection
facilities and conveyance systems are now designed
and ready to construct starting in 2023. In 2025, we
expect to be irrigating city street trees, supplying
construction aggregate operations, and showcasing
100% recycled water landscape irrigation to
the public across our treatment plant property.
Initial capacity of 1.3 MGD will supply community
demonstration projects with up to 0.5 MGD in its first
year of use.
The Future: Our initial Class A recycled water
demonstration partners were selected because of
their combination of immediate need and potential
growth in recycled water use. With community
support and funding, we can offset potable water
needs of over 3 MGD to irrigate parks and supply
construction aggregate operations, as well as expand
to other users. As periodic droughts and longer,
drier summer periods become the norm, we will be
a community partner in being climate resilient and
ensuring community livability and economic vitality.
Furthermore, vast potential exists for future wetland
natural treatment systems to provide high-quality
water replenishment to groundwater supplies and
river flow, integrating the One Water vision in our
regional water resources.
Learn More at mwmcpartners.org/
recycled-water (scan this QR code).
MWMC Past, Present, and Future of Recycled Water
3
The WateReuse Association is the nation’s only
trade association solely dedicated to advancing
laws, policy, funding, and public acceptance of
recycled water. WateReuse represents a coalition of
utilities that recycle water, businesses that support
the development of recycled water projects, and
consumers of recycled water. Established in California
in 1990, WateReuse now has members in 38 states and
11 countries. The WateReuse Pacific Northwest Section
advances water recycling in Washington, Oregon,
and Idaho.
The fundamental principle of water reuse is using
the right water for the right purpose, everywhere
and all the time. That means aiding and accelerating
the natural process of cleaning the water to make it
suitable for its intended purpose, from irrigation to
industrial uses to drinking.
Our efforts touch on every aspect of promoting water
reuse to make it fit for purpose.
Since its founding in 1990, WateReuse has advocated
for policies, laws, and funding at the state and federal
levels to increase the practice of recycling water. Our
national office leads the advocacy efforts with the
U.S. Congress and federal agencies, including the
Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Seven state sections work with
state lawmakers and regulatory agencies to advance
state policies on water reuse.
While the science is clear that recycling water is
safe, misinformation has contributed to community
resistance for water reuse projects. To address
that challenge, WateReuse is expanding its efforts
to support members in communicating to their
customers and constituencies.
WateReuse engages the industry through programs
including webcasts, committees, and an annual
WateReuse Symposium. The call for presentations for
the 2023 WateReuse Symposium in Atlanta, GA is open
through September 30. Submit your presentation
today, and learn more about opportunities to engage
at our website: watereuse.org.
WateReuse Association
4
MWMC Water Pollution Control Facility, 410 River Avenue, Eugene, OR
10:00 a.m. Check-in, Refreshments, Exhibits
10:30 a.m. Program
• Welcome & Introduction
• State of Water Reuse in Oregon
• Past, Current, and Future of MWMC Water Recycling
11:30 a.m. Buffet Lunch Break (Burrito Bar)
12:00 p.m. Recycled Water Walking Tour
1:00 p.m. Delta Sand & Gravel Bus Tour
2:30 p.m. Return to MWMC for Closing Comments
3:00 p.m. Summit Transition (break for evening event)
Plank Town Brewing Company, 346 Main Street, Springfield, OR
5:00 p.m. Networking Event
7:00 p.m. Mill Race Sunset Stroll
MWMC Water Pollution Control Facility, 410 River Avenue, Eugene, OR
MWMC Biocycle Farm at the Biosolids Management Facility
29689 Awbrey Lane, Eugene, OR
9:00 a.m. MWMC Wastewater Treatment Plant
10:30 a.m. Biocycle Farm
Thursday, July 28 Daytime Events
Thursday, July 28 Evening Events
Friday, July 29 Morning Events
5
1
3
6 7
8
4
5
2
Thursday Tour 1: Recycled Water Walking Tour
Future Tanker Fill Station
CREDIT - Bay Area Clean Water Agencies
Class D Recycled Water Pump Station.
Future Class A Recycled Water Pump StationCREDIT - Hazen & Sawyer
Tertiary Filters
Future UV Disinfection Channels
CREDIT - Jiangsu YLD Water Processing Equipment Co.
West Bank Trail Pipeline
Event Gathering Tent
Future Tanker Fill Station
Secondary and Tertiary Effluent Streams
Tertiary Filters
Chlorine Contact Basin (CCB)
Class D Recycled Water Pump Station
Future UV Disinfection Channels
High Rate Chlorine Contact Basin (HRCCB)
Future Class A Recycled Water Pump Station
West Bank Trail Pipeline
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Get a guided walk-through of the MWMC’s current Class D compliant recycled water works and proposed Class A enhanced recycled
water quality upgrades which will connect to existing recycled water pipes underlying the West Bank Trail river path.
1
5
8
2
6
9
9
6
7
8
9
2
3
4
5 6
West Bank Trail Pipeline Terminus and
Metering Location
Recycled Water Point of Delivery to Delta
Sand & Gravel
Rock Washing Plant
Knife River Concrete & Asphalt Facilities
Equipment Wash Racks
Tanker Fill Station
Process Water Silt Settling Ponds
Confluence Island Gravel Pits
Willamette and McKenzie Rivers Confluence
Wheel Wash Station
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Thursday Tour 2: Delta Sand & Gravel Bus TourThursday Tour 2: Delta Sand & Gravel Bus Tour
Embark on a bus-window tour of the MWMC’s industrial partner in recycled water use. Applications may include equipment wash,
dust control, and rock wash. This tour includes viewing silt settling ponds and a stop at Confluence Island, where the Willamette and
McKenzie rivers meet and the potential for a full One Water integration of recycled water, wetlands, groundwater, and river water.
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West Bank Trail Pipeline Terminus and Metering Location
Rock Washing Plant
Confluence Island Gravel Pits Wheel Wash Station
CREDIT: Meeds Environmental, LLC
Recycled Water Point of Delivery to Delta Sand & Gravel
Tanker Fill Station
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Plank Town Brewing Company
Booth-Kelly Trailhead
Urban Lumber Poplar Milling Site
Stormwater Treatment Pond
Mill Pond Restoration Project
Riparian Shade Water Quality
Trading Credit Site
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Thursday Tour 3: Mill Race Sunset Stroll
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Mill Race before Riparian Shade planting completed
Springfield’s Mill Race Oregon’s largest stormwater pond near Booth-Kelly
Mill Race after Riparian Shade planting completed
Join City of Springfield staff on a casual guided tour of a former downtown 30-acre mill pond restored for salmon habitat and the
adjoining stormwater treatment pond – one of the largest in Oregon. Along with the MWMC’s nearly 2-acre riparian shade planting
project upstream of the pond restoration, these projects protect and enhance local water quality.
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Headworks Screw Pumps
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Facility
Bar Screens and Grit Separators
Odorous Air Control Facilities
Primary Clarifiers
Anaerobic Digesters
Aeration Basins
Secondary Clarifiers
Final Treatment and Disinfection
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Friday Tour 4: MWMC Wastewater Treatment Plan
Headworks
Primary Clarifiers
Aeration Basins
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) facility
Anaerobic Digesters
Secondary Clarifiers
Join us for a walk-through of the wastewater treatment process from incoming to outgoing wastewater. MWMC regional
wastewater program staff will guide you through each part of the physical, biological, and chemical processes that ensure clean
water is returned to the river or continues the journey as recycled water.
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Biosolids Management Facility
Biosolids Drying Beds
Facultative Sludge Lagoons
Biosolids Dewatering Belt Filter Presses
Biocycle Farm Management Unit 1 – Replanted 2016
Biocycle Farm Management Unit 2 – Replanted 2018-2019
Recycled Water Irrigation Hose Reels
Biocycle Farm Management Unit 3 – Harvested 2021
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Friday Tour 5: Biocycle Farm
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Embark on a van tour of the MWMC’s Biosolids Management Facility and our 400-acre poplar tree stand at the adjoining Biocycle Farm.
MWMC regional wastewater staff will showcase the MWMC’s current premier use of recycled water to irrigate the trees that are part of
the MWMC’s biosolids management strategy and the multiple waste-to-resource assets of our operations.
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Biocycle Farm Management Unit 2 – Replanted 2018-2019 Recycled Water Irrigation Hose Reels
Biocycle Farm Management Unit 3 – Harvested 2021
Biosolids Dewatering Belt Filter Presses Biocycle Farm Management Unit 1 – Replanted 2016
Irrigation Cart
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More water related attractions to see and do!
ENHANCE
High Quality Class A
Recycled Water via
Filter and
Disinfection INTEGRATE
Recycled Water
Conserves Drinking
Water and River
Water Supplies
RENEW
Community
Wastewater Returns
to be Recycled
REUSE
Cleaned Water is
Cycled Back into
Community Use
CREATE
New Opportunities
and Sustainable
Practices
RESTORE
Waterway and
Landscape
Enhancement with
Recycled Water
ENRICH
Recovered Nutrients
Boost Natural Systems
Functions
CLASS A RECYCLED WATER LIFECYCLE
RECOVERRecycledWater
TREATCommunityWastewater
P R OTECT
RECYCLEREVITALIZECONSERVEWATER
WATER Metropolitan Wastewater
MANAGEMENT COMMISSION
ENHANCE
What Happens
Treated wastewater is sent for
recycling through filtration and UV
disinfection processes resulting is
high-quality Class A recycled water.
Who’s Involved
Treatment plant operators and
technical specialists.
Opportunities
New distribution systems or satellite
facilities to provide water where it is
needed.
INTEGRATE
What Happens
Reduction in temperature and nutrient
inputs to the river; reduced demand
on river water; improved fish habitat
and river quality.
Who’s Involved
Water resource agencies, treatment
plant managers, and major water
users.
Opportunities
Community partnerships for recycled
water use to conserve river water
sources.
REUSE
What Happens
Recycled water is distributed to places
where it can be used in place of
freshwater resources
Who’s Involved
Local government and commercial
partners .
Opportunities
Mobile tankers filled with recycled
water can supply parks, industries,
and other users without building
underground pipelines.
CREATE
What Happens
Recycled water creates sustainable
economic and environmental practices
for drought-readiness and new
economic development.
Who’s Involved
City planners, public works and parks
operations, sustainability advocates,
and local industry and economic
development groups.
Opportunities
Recycled water-service zones to
provide enhanced access and use for
community partners.
RESTORE
What Happens
Recycled water gains new life for
restoring stream flow, maintaining
wetlands, and growing out urban trees
and landscaping.
Who’s Involved
Parks managers, arborists, watershed
councils, environmental groups, and
urban planners.
Opportunities
Urban stream revitalization and year-
round wetland features to provide
habitat and community benefits.
ENRICH
What Happens
Plants benefit from nutrients in
recycled water. Urban and agricultural
users benefit from enhanced plant
growth and reduced need for chemical
fertilizers.
Who’s Involved
Parks personnel, arborists, farmers, and
urban planners and managers.
Opportunities
Climate-resilient landscapes and trees
to offset summer heat without further
stressing river water supplies.
RENEW
What Happens
All water eventually returns to the
water cycle and all water is recycled
in nature. To protect this cycle, we all
help keep what we wash down the
drain free of unwanted chemicals and
harmful pollutants.
Who’s Involved
Government and non-government
organizations, and all of us, play a role
in protecting clean water.
Opportunities
Partnerships with toxics reduction
advocates, green chemistry leaders,
and others can help improve all water
quality, including ensuring safe and
clean recycled water.
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Growing Recycled
Water Use in Oregon:
Part of the Path to Oregon’s
Sustainable Water Future
December 7, 2022
House Interim Committee onAgriculture, Land Use, and Water
Presenters:
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies (ACWA)
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ)
Clean Water Services (CWS)
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Growing Recycled Water Use in Oregon
•Oregon’s increasing water resource challenges
▪Higher temperatures; more severe droughts
▪Stressed surface and groundwater supplies
▪Increased demand for water
▪Fish and wildlife needs
▪Water quality impairments
▪Water infrastructure affordability
•State is investing in regional water supply planning efforts
•Recycled water projects developed by public wastewater utilities and other entities can be part of the solution
Picture above of US Drought Monitor Map
as of 12/1/2022: Oregon | U.S. Drought
Monitor (unl.edu)
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Beneficial Reuse of Recycled
Should be Expanded
•Why?
▪A resource for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreational, and habitat needs
•What are the benefits?
▪Reliable source & leaves fresh water in place
▪Tool to address drought, fire risk, & resilience in a changing climate
▪Good solution to water quality challenges like temperature and nutrients
▪Sustains urban greenscapes, natural infrastructure, & fish/wildlife habitats
▪Matching treatment to end use saves money, chemicals, and energy
▪Can support increased water demands from growth
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How will we tap the recycled water
resource in Oregon?
•Many successful projects operate in Oregon
•The potential for other projects great, but some struggle
or are abandoned
•ACWA and DEQ have been working to identify
challenges and solutions; we can look to other states to
inform and build on Oregon’s program
•Additional resources are needed to help state agencies
and local communities unleash the potential for good
recycled water projects in Oregon
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Oregon DEQ's Water Reuse Program
Program Contact:
Pat Heins
Biosolids & Recycled Water Coordinator
pat.heins@deq.oregon.gov
503-229-5749
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
Rian vanden Hooff
WQ Programs Sr. Legislative Analyst
rian.hooff@deq.oregon.gov
503-229-5988
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History of Oregon’s Reuse Policy
➢1990 –Reuse policy first enacted
(ORS 468B.015)
➢2003 –SB 820
o Executive Order 05-04 (2005)
o EQC adoption of Recycle Water regulations (2008)
o EQC adoption of Graywater regulations (2011)
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Oregon Reuse Program
Domestic Recycled Water Industrial Reuse
Graywater
-142 permitted WWTPs
-3.7 billion gallons
annually
-53 permitted facilities
-6.9 billion gallons
annually
-54 permit holders
(residential)
-81,000 gallons
annually
Image courtesy of Instructables.com
Image courtesy of Instructables.comStaff photo
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Oregon Reuse Program
Image courtesy of US Golf Assoc.
Image courtesy of USDA
•Support reuse applications in coordination with partner agencies -where appropriate and
as resources allow.
•Ensure safe utilization including
protecting public
health and ecosystem function.
•Facilitate uses with multiple benefits,including those that support climate resiliency and IWRS objectives.
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Tracy Rainey,
Clean Water Services/
Co-Chair Oregon Association of
Clean Water Agencies
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Why Expanded Reuse?
•Reuse projects provide an opportunity to address core needs/challenges
while providing additional, enhanced outcomes and benefits.
•Some of the potential benefits include:
▪Drought mitigation, climate adaptation, improved resiliency;
▪Enhanced environmental outcomes (including for wildlife and/or fish habitat);
▪Water exchanges -Reuse water can offset other irrigation sources, providing enhanced
natural flows;
▪Helping to address the increasing need for dependent water supply;
▪A “tool in the toolbox” for improved water supply management;
▪Offsetting potable and non-potable water supply usage (especially during droughts);
▪Cost savings –infrastructure and treatment costs
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Some of the Success Stories:
Eugene-Springfield MWMC
Roseburg Urban
Sanitary Authority
Prineville
Clean Water Services Hermiston
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Eugene-Springfield
MWMC
Project description: Biocycle Farm Poplar Plantation•Agricultural tree farm operation provides beneficial reuse of biosolids and recycled water
•400 acres of trees on 600-acre public land open space adjacent to Eugene airportAdditional Benefits to River Water Quality:•Temperature•Ammonia•Nutrients, Nitrogen and phosphorus Recycled Water Advantages:•Increased crop production/yield
•Waste-to-commodity economic opportunities
•Increased carbon sequestration•Maintains historic farmed wetland attributes•Wildlife habitat is a marginal benefit of poplar trees but not unique to recycled water use
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Prineville
Project description: Crooked River Wetland Complex—Natural Treatment
System
•120 acres of constructed wetlands
•2 miles of Crooked River riparian restoration and fish habitat installations
•Public open space facilities
Problems solved: Crooked River WQ Concerns
•General wastewater treatment plant expansion for community growth
Additional benefits/projects attributes:
•Saved ratepayer costs and reduced cost of new housing
•Steelhead spawning habitat added
•Substantial new bird and wildlife habitat
•5 miles of running/walking paths
•Educational facilities support school programs
•Community recreational amenity
Photo above: Crooked River Wetland Complex
–permitted under NPDES Discharge Permit.
Beneficial use of permitted wastewater
discharge.
Photo above: Prineville Municipal Golf Course –permitted
recycled water irrigation.
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Roseburg Urban
Sanitary Authority
Project description: WWTP Effluent Natural Treatment System Irrigation•Restored and constructed wetlands—18 acres•Native grassland/prairie—282 acres
•Broad community support Problems solved: South Umpqua River WQ concerns•Temperature•Dissolved Oxygen•Nutrients--phosphorus and nitrogen
•ChlorineAdditional benefits/projects attributes:•Restored summer flows to Sylman Creek•New fish and wildlife habitat•Created cold water refuge for fish in the S. Umpqua•Saved ratepayers over $90 million in conventional treatment•Carbon sequestration•Public open space/educational amenity•Continuation of historic sheep ranch•Improved 340 acres of watershed functions
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Clean Water Services
Project description: Thomas Dairy Wetland Restoration
•Pilot project located along the Tualatin River (in Tigard, Oregon)
•Provide data and method for approving new beneficial uses
•26-acre restoration project
•Includes multiple acres of emergent wetland, wet prairie and oak
savanna
Water Quality Benefits:
•Temperature
•Oxygen demand
•Nutrients
Additional benefits/projects attributes:
•Ecological habitat creation
•Agricultural commodity for native wetland plants seed for
restoration
•Restoration of native habitat
•Urban greenspaces
•Water and streamflow management
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Hermiston
(in partnership with West Extension Irrigation District)
Project description:
•1.5 million gallons/day
•Highly Treated (Class A) water
•WWTP discharge to WEID irrigation canal
Problems solved:
•Umatilla River temperature and nutrients/ammonia levels
•Supported by fish interests, tribes, and ag. community
Additional benefits/projects attributes:
•Provides 140-acre ft/mo. for crop irrigation including
organic farms
•Leaves 1.5 mgd instream/offsets pumping requirements
•Economical for ratepayers (wastewater and farmers)
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Key Takeaways:
•There is significant, untapped opportunity to expand reuse in Oregon.
•Approaching Beneficial Uses of Treated Wastewater as a Resource…Not a Waste
•Opportunity to address core water quality/supply challenges while providing additional,
enhanced outcomes and benefits.
•Innovative solutions are typically more difficult for wastewater utilities to plan, fund, and
implement.
•Especially true for smaller communities.
•We need additional resources to improve upon existing process to make projects more
feasible, attractive and implementable.
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